Nuclear energy is a powerful source of energy, but it comes with a range of potential risks and dangers. From the creation of radioactive waste to the potential for nuclear accidents, there are many environmental and health concerns associated with nuclear energy. In this article, we'll explore the dangers of nuclear energy and how they can be mitigated. At high doses, ionizing radiation can cause immediate harm to a person's body, including radiation sickness and death.
At lower doses, ionizing radiation can cause health effects such as cardiovascular disease, cataracts, and cancer. This is because ionizing radiation damages DNA, which can lead to genetic mutations that cause cancer. Nuclear power plants have safety and security procedures in place and are closely monitored by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). However, an accident at a nuclear power plant could still release dangerous levels of radiation over an area.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has a Safety Guide on Seismic Risks for Nuclear Power Plants, and the topic is covered on the WNA page on earthquakes and nuclear power plants. Spent nuclear fuel is used fuel from a nuclear reactor that is no longer efficient in creating electricity because its fission process has slowed down. This fuel must be safely stored and managed to prevent contamination of the environment. Research on nuclear fusion is ongoing in hopes of finding a solution that does not produce nuclear waste in a safe way.
The same technology used to make nuclear fuel for power plants can also be used to produce explosive material for nuclear weapons. To prevent this from happening, countries operating nuclear power plants have a nuclear safety inspection and work closely with the IAEA. International cooperation on nuclear safety issues is carried out under the auspices of the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), which was created in 1989. Based on the estimated total costs of managing nuclear waste, many countries require nuclear power plant operators to set aside funds to cover all costs. If fossil fuels are used to extract and refine uranium ore, or if fossil fuels are used in the construction of the nuclear power plant, then emissions from burning those fuels could be associated with the electricity generated by nuclear power plants. The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) was developed by the IAEA and the OECD in 1990 to communicate and standardize the reporting of nuclear incidents or accidents to the public.
New generations of nuclear reactors, such as pebble bed reactors, are designed so that the nuclear chain reaction cannot escape and cause a fusion, even in the event of total failure of the reactor machinery. If you live near a nuclear power plant, you can obtain emergency information materials from the power company that operates your local nuclear power plant or from the local emergency services office. The risk of an accident at a nuclear power plant in the United States is small due to the diverse and redundant safety systems and barriers that exist in nuclear power plants, as well as due to the training and skills of reactor operators, test and maintenance activities, and regulatory requirements and oversight.
